Transfer RNA-derived fragments target and regulate ribosome-associated aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetases

Differences between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic transfer RNA and aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases from rat liver.

The mitochondria of yeast,1 Neurospora,2 and Tetrahymena3 have been shown to contain transfer RNA (tRNA). Barnett et al.4 have found, in addition, that Neurospora mitochondria contain 15 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, at least three of which acylate only mitochondrial tRNA. The purpose of this communication is twofold. First we will present evidence showing that, as with eukaryotic microbial syste...

Characterization of circulating transfer RNA-derived RNA fragments in cattle

The objective was to characterize naturally occurring circulating transfer RNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) in cattle. Serum from eight clinically normal adult dairy cows was collected, and small non-coding RNAs were extracted immediately after collection and sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. Sequences aligned to transfer RNA (tRNA) genes or their flanking sequences were characterized. Sequences ali...

Mitochondrial-specific aminoacyl-RNA synthetases.

Numerous lines of evidencel'indicate that protein synthesis occurs within mitochondria, and tRNA8, 15, 16 and aminoacyl-RNA synthetases8 have been prepared from these organelles. More recently, two very interesting aspects of mitochondrial protein synthesis have been described: (a) Although amino acid incorporation by yeast cytoplasmic ribosomal systems is not inhibited by chloramphenicol,'7 pr...

More evidence for a particle character of aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetases isolated from rat liver.

tRFdb: a database for transfer RNA fragments

We have created tRFdb, the first database of transfer RNA fragments (tRFs), available at http://genome.bioch.virginia.edu/trfdb/. With over 100 small RNA libraries analyzed, the database currently contains the sequences and read counts of the three classes of tRFs for eight species: R. sphaeroides, S. pombe, D. melanogaster, C. elegans, Xenopus, zebra fish, mouse and human, for a total of 12,87...